In this project, we will develop novel, robust and scalable 3D solid-state battery designs by exploiting new tapecasting, screen printing and slot-dye thick film deposition facilities installed as part of the Royce Discovery Centre. The project is in collaboration with Johnson Matthey, one of the UK's leading Battery component manufacturers, who will supply raw materials, project advice and supervision (JM battery division), and access to characterisation equipment (including state-of-the-art EPMA and TEM, which give high spatial resolution chemical analysis at low element concentrations (<1%)). This project will also use the new Micro-computed Tomography facility at TUoS (EP/T006390/1, £1.2m) to characterise 3D chemical gradation at the micro-to-nano level. Identification of changes in the 3D chemical composition/structure of the batteries as a function of charging/discharging will be used to design/optimise the ion flow/energy storage, whilst reducing battery size and improving device strength/thermal stress resilience.