Context of research
The project is focused on the synthesis and characterisation of gold and copper aerogels. Aerogels are nanostructured, low-density 3D networks, often of defined monolithic shape, with very large accessible porosities and internal surface areas. Based on these properties, aerogels are currently investigated for a wide range of applications in energy, environmental remediation, and catalysis.

This project will be conducted in close collaboration with the UK defence company AWE, who have a long-standing interest in the development of low-density metallic foam materials for their research activities in plasma physics and inertial fusion. These applications require materials with certain key material requirements including, controlled morphologies, uniform surface finish, no pores greater than a set limit, no density variations or inclusions within the material and the ability to machine the material. This project will explore new routes to synthesis and characterise such metallic aerogels.

Aims and objectives
The main objective is to develop new approaches to produce copper and gold aerogels with highly uniform density, highly uniform macropore morphology and well-defined surface chemistry, not currently available through existing technologies. Fundamental properties of the produced metal aerogels will be investigated utilising state-of-the-art equipment at the University of Leeds.

Research plan
The proposed project will explore various approaches (e.g. emulsion-templating, critical point drying of high concentration solutions etc) to produce carbon-nanotube and graphene aerogels with well-controlled density and porosity. These nanocarbon aerogels will be utilised as hard templates to produce gold and copper aerogels through the chemical modification of the carbon frameworks with metal-organic precursors or pre-formed metal nanoparticles, followed by thermal conversion. Fundamental properties of the produced metal aerogels (microstructure, porosity, mechanical, electrical, thermal) will be investigated utilising state-of-of the-art equipment at the University of Leeds. Application-relevant structure-property relationships of the aerogel materials will be analysed.

Potential applications and benefits
In the context of AWE's research activities in plasma physics, the company has an on going demand to develop and produce metallic aerogels with high specifications, not accessible through current, existing fabrication methods. AWE will be active members of the project and will provide technical guidelines on desired aerogel target properties. The availability of aerogels with the desired specifications will not only address a key issue in context of inertial fusion studies, as pursued by AWE, but will also allow for advanced investigations of fundamental aerogel structure-property relationships important in context of other potential aerogel applications, e.g. in energy storage, heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption and trace sensing.